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We now know much more, and this (plus a greater focus on person-centred support) has changed how these conditions are defined. It’s also improved the supports for people living with them.
Join us as we take a closer look at autism and Asperger’s and delve into their diagnostic evolutions.
How diagnoses are made
Healthcare professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), now in its fifth text-revised edition (DSM-5-TR), to diagnose psychological, developmental, and neurological conditions.
Asperger's Syndrome was treated as a separate condition from autism in earlier versions of the DSM. However, a major change occurred in the DSM-5, which was released in 2013: the authors decided there was enough evidence to actually connect autism and Asperger’s. So, in recognition of this change, a new term was created…
Introducing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Asperger's Syndrome and what was once called ‘autism’ now fall under the umbrella of ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’ (ASD). That’s right: neither are standalone diagnoses anymore. You see, healthcare professionals couldn’t really tell the difference between autism and Asperger’s. It was also hard to define symptoms of each condition in practice.
As we mentioned, the idea that autism and Asperger’s are two points on a spectrum of neurodivergence is relatively new. The use of a spectrum reflects the vast range of support needs and differences in the presentation of neurodivergence.
These days, what was once Asperger’s Syndrome is now level 1 ASD. People diagnosed with this level of ASD are said to have low support needs.
Why were autism and Asperger’s once separate?
Historically, people diagnosed with Asperger's were noted for average or above-average intelligence. No intellectual disability was present in most cases, and their speech developed normally.
In terms of signs, people with Asperger’s were more likely to have repetitive or intense routines and interests. Difficulty with social interactions was also common. In comparison, autism tended to feature both of these, plus delayed language development.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder: Key traits
People with level 1 ASD may require support in the following areas:
Social interaction and communication
Understanding social cues, maintaining back-and-forth conversations, and developing relationships with peers can be difficult. People may also struggle to use or understand non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expressions).
Restricted or repetitive behaviours and interests
Fixating on specific topics, sticking to routines, or performing repetitive movements are common. If present, sensory sensitivities can be extremely distressing and limiting.
Note: People with level 2 and 3 ASD also experience these challenges. However, this occurs at a level that significantly impacts their daily lives.
Why the change to ASD?
Asperger's and autism were both complex conditions that presented in many ways, some of which overlapped. Years of documenting the similarities and co-occurrences led scientists to reconsider their separation. Here's why this change mattered.
A broader perspective
Of course, supports should involve more than just language delay, and someone’s condition should be measured by more than their IQ. The broad ASD spectrum recognises differences and focuses on the specific social and behavioral support needs of an individual.
Removing stigma
Recognising Asperger's as a part of ASD encourages tailored and holistic support. Before, Asperger’s was perceived as less severe than autism, but we now have official acknowledgement that it’s not that simple.
The importance of individualised assessment
Regardless of if you’ve received an Asperger's diagnosis years ago, or are being evaluated today, one thing is true: ASD exists on a spectrum.
For some people with ASD, every aspect of their life is affected. For others, functional issues are limited to a few areas of their life. This is why the spectrum idea is so important: no two people are the same, therefore no two support plans can be the same.
Each individual will bring their own unique blend of strengths, challenges, and support needs. Therefore, any exploration of ASD demands a comprehensive, person-centred approach.
While Asperger's is an older term, many people with this diagnosis choose to keep using it – as is their right. We always encourage people to respect the labels that those around them choose to use.
The takeaway
The term "autism spectrum disorder" is designed to be inclusive. It acknowledges that autism exists on a spectrum, and that everyone will experience it differently. Focusing on your own needs and goals provides a road map for your unique journey, regardless of labels.
NDIS support may work for you if your ASD substantially affects your wellbeing and lifestyle, but other sources of support exist. Reach out to trusted medical professionals or specialized resources like Autism Spectrum Australia.
Navigating getting support on the NDIS can be challenging.
Overwhelmed by paperwork? We're here to help! Our team manages your plan finances, freeing you to focus on what matters most. Reach out today to simplify your NDIS experience: planmanagement@ld.org.au, 08 8256 9835, or complete our online form.
